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In a number of countries, the ‘return-fl ow’ principle is used. This is where water is present in the collector tank only if there is enough sun and the collector tank can still absorb heat. The most signifi cant benefi t of this system is that anti-freeze does not have to be added to the water and that there is no need for a thermal cut-out. The disadvantage is that the water must be able to fl ow back freely into the storage tank if the pump stops. The pipes must run in a continuous downward slope from the collector. That is not a problem if the storage tank is close to the collector, but it can be problematic if the storage tank is on the other side of the house or even in
the cellar.

很多国家都采用“回流”原则。这种原则是指只有阳光充足且集水箱仍可吸热的情况下，才在集水箱中保留水。这种系统最显著的优点是不需在水中加入防冻剂，也不需要安装热熔断器。该系统的缺点是在泵停止时，水必须要能自由回流入储热水箱。管道必须从吸收板开始沿连续向下的斜坡安装。如果储热水箱离吸收板较近，这倒不是什么问题，但是如果储热水箱位于房子的另一侧或甚至在地窖里，那就是个大问题了上海翻译。

A solar boiler uses the heat of the sun. This heat is then circulated into the consumer’s water heating system. By using a solar boiler you can cut your energy bills almost in half (on average 45%) in terms of heating water. In addition, it is also exceptionally environmentally-friendly as a solar boiler makes an immense contribution to reducing a household’s CO2 emissions (280 kg per year on average!) The solar heat is collected with a solar collector panel and transferred to a fl uid (water with anti-freeze additives) that is concealed under the surface of the collector panel. The fl uid is pumped through a pipeline that runs through the water tank. In this way, the heat can be circulated throughout the system, heating the water. The heated water is then fed via an after
heater into the house, where it can be used.

太阳能换热水器采用太阳的热量，将热量送往用户的取暖系统中进行循环。使用太阳能换热水器，几乎可将用于水加热的能源开支节省一半（平均45%）。另外，太阳能换热水器还是一种极为环保的设备，因为它能极大降低家庭二氧化碳排放量（平均每年减低280公斤）。太阳热被一个太阳能吸收板收集后，转化为液体（含防冻添加剂的水），该液体被隐藏在吸收板表面下，然后被一条穿过水箱的管道抽取。这样，热量就可在系统中进行循环，从而对水进行加热，热水再通过一个后加热器送入房内使用北京翻译公司。